02.04.2013 | Krithiga Sekar; William M. Findley; David Poeppel; Rodolfo R. Llinás, Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences current issue, 2013

At perceptual threshold, some stimuli are available for conscious access whereas others are not. Such threshold inputs are useful tools for investigating the events that separate conscious awareness from unconscious stimulus processing. Here, viewing unmasked, threshold-duration images was ...

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02.04.2013 | Lucia L. Lam; Eldon Emberly; Hunter B. Fraser; Sarah M. Neumann; Edith Chen; Gregory E. Miller; Michael S. Kobor, Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences current issue, 2013

In our paper (1), we primarily questioned whether the statistical approach used by Borghol et al. (2) was justified, because treating neighboring probes as independent can lead to inflated P value significance. We are glad to see that in their Letter, Borghol et al. do not dispute this (3). We...

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02.04.2013 | Andreas H. Ludewig; Yevgeniy Izrayelit; Donha Park; Rabia U. Malik; Anna Zimmermann; Parag Mahanti; Bennett W. Fox; ..., Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences current issue, 2013

Lifespan in Caenorhabditis elegans, Drosophila, and mice is regulated by conserved signaling networks, including the insulin/insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1) signaling cascade and pathways depending on sirtuins, a family of NAD+-dependent deacetylases. Small molecules such as resveratrol ...

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02.04.2013 | Aslak Grinsted; John C. Moore; Svetlana Jevrejeva, Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences current issue, 2013

Detection and attribution of past changes in cyclone activity are hampered by biased cyclone records due to changes in observational capabilities. Here, we relate a homogeneous record of Atlantic tropical cyclone activity based on storm surge statistics from tide gauges to changes in global ...

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02.04.2013 | Yuval Itan; Shen-Ying Zhang; Guillaume Vogt; Avinash Abhyankar; Melina Herman; Patrick Nitschke; Dror Fried; Lluis Q ..., Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences current issue, 2013

High-throughput genomic data reveal thousands of gene variants per patient, and it is often difficult to determine which of these variants underlies disease in a given individual. However, at the population level, there may be some degree of phenotypic homogeneity, with alterations of ...

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02.04.2013 | Alisa Huffaker; Gregory Pearce; Nathalie Veyrat; Matthias Erb; Ted C. J. Turlings; Ryan Sartor; Zhouxin Shen; Steven ..., Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences current issue, 2013

Insect-induced defenses occur in nearly all plants and are regulated by conserved signaling pathways. As the first described plant peptide signal, systemin regulates antiherbivore defenses in the Solanaceae, but in other plant families, peptides with analogous activity have remained elusive. ...

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02.04.2013 | Xi Chen; Neima Briggs; Jeremy R. McLain; Andrew D. Ellington, Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences current issue, 2013

Signal amplification schemes that do not rely on protein enzymes show great potential in areas as abstruse as DNA computation and as applied as point-of-care molecular diagnostics. Toehold-mediated strand displacement, a programmable form of dynamic DNA hybridization, can be used to design ...

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02.04.2013 | Haijun Yan; Adam Johan Bergren; Richard McCreery; Maria Luisa Della Rocca; Pascal Martin; Philippe Lafarge; Jean Chr ..., Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences current issue, 2013

In this work, we bridge the gap between short-range tunneling in molecular junctions and activated hopping in bulk organic films, and greatly extend the distance range of charge transport in molecular electronic devices. Three distinct transport mechanisms were observed for 4.5–22-nm-thick ...

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02.04.2013 | Rachel R. Markwald; Edward L. Melanson; Mark R. Smith; Janine Higgins; Leigh Perreault; Robert H. Eckel; Kenneth P. ..., Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences current issue, 2013

Insufficient sleep is associated with obesity, yet little is known about how repeated nights of insufficient sleep influence energy expenditure and balance. We studied 16 adults in a 14- to 15-d-long inpatient study and quantified effects of 5 d of insufficient sleep, equivalent to a work ...

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02.04.2013 | Christine C. Jao; Michael J. Ragusa; Robin E. Stanley; James H. Hurley, Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences current issue, 2013

Autophagy-related 13 (Atg13) is a key early-acting factor in autophagy and the major locus for nutrient-dependent regulation of autophagy by Tor. The 2.3-Å resolution crystal structure of the N-terminal domain of Atg13 reveals a previously unidentified HORMA (Hop1p, Rev1p and Mad2) domain ...

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