11.06.2013 | Brian R. Calvi, Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences current issue, 2013

During cell division, the genome is fully duplicated and then segregated to two daughter cells. In some tissues, however, cells repeatedly duplicate their genome and grow without dividing. This process results in large cells with many copies of their genome, a state known as polyploidy. In ...

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11.06.2013 | Moriel Zelikowsky; Stephanie Bissiere; Timothy A. Hast; Rebecca Z. Bennett; Andrea Abdipranoto; Bryce Vissel; Michae ..., Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences current issue, 2013

Specific brain circuits have been classically linked to dedicated functions. However, compensation following brain damage suggests that these circuits are capable of dynamic adaptation. Such compensation is exemplified by Pavlovian fear conditioning following damage to the dorsal hippocampus ...

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11.06.2013 | Sumbul J. Khan; Anjali Bajpai; Mohammad Atif Alam; Ram P. Gupta; Sneh Harsh; Ravi K. Pandey; Surbhi Goel-Bhattachary ..., Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences current issue, 2013

Only select cell types in an organ display neoplasia when targeted oncogenically. How developmental lineage hierarchies of these cells prefigure their neoplastic propensities is not yet well-understood. Here we show that neoplastic Drosophila epithelial cells reverse their developmental ...

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11.06.2013 | Marija Kundakovic; Kathryn Gudsnuk; Becca Franks; Jesus Madrid; Rachel L. Miller; Frederica P. Perera; Frances A. Ch ..., Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences current issue, 2013

Bisphenol A (BPA) is an estrogenic endocrine disruptor widely used in the production of plastics. Increasing evidence indicates that in utero BPA exposure affects sexual differentiation and behavior; however, the mechanisms underlying these effects are unknown. We hypothesized that BPA may ...

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11.06.2013 | Alán Alpár; Tibor Harkany, Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences current issue, 2013

Obesity is a pressing health problem affecting more than one-third of adults in the United States and Europe. Besides their increased risk to develop cardiovascular disease and type 2 diabetes, metabolic disturbances in overweight individuals affect sleeping behavior, promoting arousal and ...

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11.06.2013 | György Fejer; Mareike Dorothee Wegner; Ildiko Györy; Idan Cohen; Peggy Engelhard; Elena Voronov; Thomas Manke; Zsolt ..., Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences current issue, 2013

Macrophages are diverse cell types in the first line of antimicrobial defense. Only a limited number of primary mouse models exist to study their function. Bone marrow-derived, macrophage-CSF–induced cells with a limited life span are the most common source. We report here a simple method ...

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11.06.2013 | Ahmed Abdulla; Inês Lima Azevedo; M. Granger Morgan, Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences current issue, 2013

Analysts and decision makers frequently want estimates of the cost of technologies that have yet to be developed or deployed. Small modular reactors (SMRs), which could become part of a portfolio of carbon-free energy sources, are one such technology. Existing estimates of likely SMR costs ...

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11.06.2013 | Cornelius A. Rietveld; David Cesarini; Daniel J. Benjamin; Philipp D. Koellinger; Jan-Emmanuel De Neve; Henning Tiem ..., Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences current issue, 2013

Subjective well-being (SWB) is a major topic of research across the social sciences. Twin and family studies have found that genetic factors may account for as much as 30–40% of the variance in SWB. Here, we study genetic contributions to SWB in a pooled sample of ≈11,500 unrelated, ...

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11.06.2013 | Arion I. Stettner; Daniel Segrè, Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences current issue, 2013

In a universe being dragged into disorder by the second law of thermodynamics, living cells must expend energy to maintain their complex organization. In addition to providing a carbon source for biosynthesis, the classical Embden–Meyerhof–Parnas (EMP) and Entner-Doudoroff (ED) pathways help ...

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11.06.2013 | Lynn M. Riddiford, Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences current issue, 2013

Mosquitoes are vectors of some of the world’s most devastating human diseases: malaria, dengue fever, and yellow fever in the tropics, and encephalitis and West Nile virus in the United States. The female mosquito usually requires a blood meal before she makes a batch of eggs, and one for each...

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